“Science is the acceptance of what works and the rejection of what does not. That needs more courage than we might think.”

"Few people are capable of expressing with equanimity opinions which differ from the prejudices of their social environment. Most people are even incapable of forming such opinions."

"Energy will do anything that can be done in the world."

Ans: A model is a mathematical representation that idealizes a "complicated" physical situation (or system) to a greater or lesser degree, depending on the interest and knowledge"

Ans: A process occurs when a system undergoes a change of state with or without interactions with the environment.

Ans: "Heat transfer is the energy transfer that is driven by temperature difference (gradient) between the system and the environment."

Ans: Observables (measurable macroscopic quantities) that are definable at a particular instant and are not dependant on the system's history. The property of the system is also called "state variable" examples: mass temperature energy enthalpy velocity position volume, etc

Answer: Condition of a system at any given instant. It is characterized by a series of observable (macroscopic quantities) called properties.

Answer: 1. jet engines 2. refrigerator 3. water pump 4. air compressor 5. solar over 6. radiator 7. petrol and diesel engines 8. air conditioners 9. thermal power plants 10. nuclear power plants 11. rockets 12. water heaters 13. electronic cooling systems, etc

Newtonian fluids: water, air, motor oil, alcohol, glycerol, etc Non-Newtonian fluids: toothpaste, yogurt, silly putty, corn starch, blood, paint, shampoo, etc

Answer: A solid material will first deform under shear stress and then stop deforming and achieve a new equilibrium state on the other hand a Newtonian fluid will deform and continue to deform no matter how small the shear stress is applied to it.

Answer: A non-Newtonian fluid first needs a finite amount of shear stress before it starts to flow. Examples: Toothpaste, Yogurt, Silly putty, etc

Answer: A Newtonian fluid will deform and continue to deform no matter how small the shear stress is applied.

Answer: Material that flows under the action of a shear stress no matter how small the shear stress is. Note: This definition of fluids is mainly applicable to only Newtonian fluids such as water, air, motor oil, etc

The word 'continuum' is a contraction of two words continuous and medium In continuum mechanics, we neglect the molecular nature of the material under consideration. The material is treated as single piece of matter. We can describe quantities such as the velocity as a function of position and time.

Answer: Branch of continuum mechanics that describes the motion of fluids (such as for example air, water, blood, yogurt, lava, etc)

“A man who dares to waste one hour of time has not discovered the value of life.”

"One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."